a sunken Spanish galleon, began its journey back to its home country
on Friday after the deep-sea explorers who lifted it to the surface
lost their claim to ownership.
Two massive cargo planes - Spanish military C-130s - took off just
after noon from a Florida Air Force base with 594,000 silver coins and
other artifacts aboard. They were packed into the same white plastic
buckets in which they were brought to the U.S. by Tampa, Fla.-based
Odyssey Marine Exploration in May 2007.
"These are emotional and moving moments for me and all my colleagues
behind me," Spain's ambassador to the United States, Jorge Dezcallar
de Mazar, said Friday. He stood on the windy tarmac at MacDill Air
Force base behind the hulking gray planes, flanked by an entourage of
more than two dozen Spanish officials and others.
"History will make us who we are, and today we are witnessing a
journey that started 200 years ago," he said. "This is not money. This
is historical heritage."
The C-130s lifted off into a clear sky minutes apart from a MacDill
runway as a bank of news cameras and a group of reporters observed
from the tarmac. Inside, the buckets of coins were secured to pallets
with plastic wrap and strapped into the rear cargo holds. Before their
departure, the planes were guarded by armed American service members.
The planes were set to land in about 22 to 24 hours at one of two air
force bases in Madrid, and were set to make two refueling stops during
the high-security operation, the ambassador said.
Odyssey made an international splash when it discovered the wreck,
believed to be the Nuestra Senora de las Mercedes, off Portugal's
Atlantic coast near the Straits of Gibraltar. At the time, the coins
were estimated to be worth as much as $500 million to collectors,
which would have made it the richest shipwreck haul in history.
The Mercedes was believed to have had 200 people aboard when it was sunk.
Spain went ahead with transporting the treasure despite a last-ditch,
longshot claim to the treasure by Peru.
On Thursday, the Peruvian government made an emergency appeal to the
U.S. Supreme Court seeking to block transfer of the treasure to give
that nation more time to make arguments in federal court about its
claim to being the rightful owner. But that appeal was denied Friday
by Justice Clarence Thomas.
Peru had argued the gold and silver was mined, refined and minted in
that country, which at the time was part of the Spanish empire.
U.S. courts had previously rejected claims by descendants of the
Peruvian merchants who had owned the coins aboard the Mercedes.
Odyssey - which uses a remote-controlled submersible to explore the
depths and bring the tiniest of items to the surface - had previously
argued that as the finder it was entitled to all or most of the
treasure. The Spanish government filed a claim in U.S. District Court
soon after the coins were flown back to Tampa, contending that it
never relinquished ownership of the ship or its contents. A federal
district court first ruled in 2009 that the U.S. courts didn't have
jurisdiction, and ordered the treasure returned.
Odyssey had argued that the wreck was never positively identified as
the Mercedes. And if it was that vessel, the company contended, then
the ship was on a commercial trade trip - not a sovereign mission - at
the time it sank, meaning Spain would have no firm claim to the cargo.
International treaties generally hold that warships sunk in battle are
protected from treasure seekers.
Odyssey lost every round in federal courts trying to hold on to the
treasure, as the Spanish government painted them as modern-day pirates
plundering the nation's cultural heritage. In a court hearing Feb. 17,
the company was ordered by a federal judge to give Spain access to the
treasure this week to ready it for transport. Odyssey said it would no
longer oppose Spain's claims. Meanwhile, the court also ordered that
Odyssey had to turn over some coins and other artifacts that are still
in Gibraltar.
The company has blamed politics for the courts' decisions since the
U.S. government publicly backed Spain's efforts to get the treasure
returned. In several projects since then, Odyssey has worked with the
British government on efforts to salvage that nation's sunken ships,
with agreements to share what it recovers. Company officials said the
ruling against them may lead to other deep-sea explorers refusing to
share information about their claims with governments. They declined
to comment further Friday,
Odyssey has said in earnings statements that it has spent $2.6 million
salvaging, transporting, storing and conserving the treasure. But it
is not expected to receive any compensation from the Spanish
government for recovering it because the European nation has
maintained that the company should not have tried to do so in the
first place.
"I would expect that the companies would respect historical heritage
and respect the law of the sea," Dezcallar de Mazar said. "And the law
of the sea states that no matter how (much) times goes by, a sunken
man-of-war belongs to the flag."
In Madrid, the Spanish Culture Ministry recently said the coins are
classified as national heritage and - as such - must stay inside that
country, where they will be exhibited in one or more Spanish museums.
It ruled out the idea of the treasure being sold to ease Spain's
national debt in a country grappling with a 23 percent jobless rate
and a stagnant economy.
Read more here:
http://www.thenewstribune.com/2012/02/23/2038428/peru-makes-long-shot-bid-for-spanish.html#storylink=cpy
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